Correlation between mental health problems with bullying behaviors among primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze epidemiological characteristics of campus bullying among primary and middle school students in central China to explore its relation with mental health problems, and to provide a reference for the campus bullying prevention.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select primary and middle school 10 581 students from Anyang, Nanyang and Xinxiang cities of Henan Province, Middle School Students Mental Health Scale and the Self designed Scale of Adolescent Bullying Behavior were used to analyze the relationship between mental health problems with campus bullying behavior.@*Results@#The total report rate of bullying penetrator was 12.5% among students in the three cities. Among primary and middle school students with mental health problems such as hostility, interpersonal stress, academic pressure and emotional imbalance, the detection rate of bullying behavior was 24.2%, 20.3%, 19.4% and 20.1%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that hostility symptoms ( OR =3.78, 95% CI =1.71-8.32), interpersonal stress ( OR =3.50, 95% CI = 1.62 -7.57), academic pressure ( OR = 1.62 , 95% CI =1.21-2.16) and emotional imbalance ( OR =2.80, 95% CI =1.41-5.56) showed a significant impact on campus bullying ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Mental health problems of primary and middle school students are closely related to the occurrence of bullying behavior. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health education of bullies and intervene bullying behaviors from the source.

Campus bullying and anxiety symptoms in boarding middle school students in Anyang / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the association between bullying and anxiety symptoms of boarding middle school students, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing bullying and promoting mental health of boarding middle school students.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 823 students were selected from 10 schools in Anyang, Henan Province. Questionnaire survey using self-designed bullying items and Mental Health Scale of Chinese Middle School Students was administered.@*Results@#The overall prevalence of school bullying was 37.9%， with boarding school students(38.9%) being higher than non-boarding school students (37.1%). The anxiety symptom reporting rate of boarding students (42.9%) was higher than that of non-boarding students (27.3%). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with non-boarding students, bully victim and bully perpetuator/victim students were more likely to have anxiety symptoms (OR=2.30, 6.04，1.94, 4.23) (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between different roles of campus bullying and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding school students. Boarding school students have a higher risk of anxiety symptoms, especially among those with both experiences of bully perpetuator/victim.

Impact of injury-related deaths on life expectancy in China, 2016 / O impacto dos óbitos por causas externas na expectativa de vida na China, 2016 / Impacto de los fallecimientos relacionados con lesiones en la esperanza de vida en China, 2016

Abstract: This study aimed to illustrate the impact of injury-related deaths on life expectancy in China in 2016 and to identify the high-risk population. Standard life tables were used to calculate life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy by utilizing mortality data from the national mortality surveillance system. In 2016, the life expectancy of Chinese residents was 78.91 years. After eliminating injury-related mortality, the life expectancy of the residents increased by 1.13 years, which was higher in male and rural residents compared with female and urban residents. The life expectancy on the Eastern and Central regions increased slowly compared with the Western region. The greatest influencing factor on life expectancy was road traffic injuries, followed by falls. Falls had a greater impact on life expectancy for children under 5 years old and those aged over 65 years. This study indicates that deaths caused by injury had a noteworthy impact on life expectancy in China. More attention should be paid to road traffic injuries, and effective preventive measures should be taken to reduce deaths related to injury to increase the life expectancy of residents, especially in children under 5 years and adults over 65 years. By reducing the deaths caused by injury, the life expectancy level is likely to further improve.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivos analisar o impacto dos óbitos por causas externas na expectativa de vida na China em 2016 e identificar a população de risco. Foram utilizadas tábuas de mortalidade padronizadas para calcular a expectativa de vida e a expectativa de vida depois de eliminar as causas externas, com base nos dados de mortalidade do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância da Mortalidade. Em 2016, a expectativa de vida dos chineses era 78,91 anos. Depois de eliminar a mortalidade por causas externas, a expectativa de vida dos chineses aumentou em 1,13 anos, e o aumento foi maior nos homens e nos moradores da área rural, comparados às mulheres e aos moradores da área urbana. A expectativa de vida das regiões Leste e Central aumentou mais lentamente do que na região Oeste do país. Os acidentes de trânsito foram o fator de maior impacto sobre a expectativa de vida, seguidos de quedas. As quedas tiveram um impacto maior sobre a expectativa de vida nas crianças abaixo de 5 anos e nos idosos acima de 65 anos de idade. O estudo indica que os óbitos por causas externas tiveram um impacto relevante na expectativa de vida na China. As lesões por acidentes de trânsito merecem mais atenção, e medidas efetivas devem ser tomadas para reduzir os óbitos por causas externas para aumentar a expectativa de vida na população chinesa, principalmente nas crianças abaixo de 5 anos e nos idosos acima de 65 anos. A redução dos óbitos por causas externas deverá melhorar mais ainda o nível de expectativa de vida.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue ilustrar el impacto de los fallecimientos relacionados con lesiones y la esperanza de vida en China en 2016, así como identificar a la población de alto riesgo. Las tablas de estándar de vida se utilizaron para calcular la esperanza de vida y la causa de la supresión de esperanza de vida se calculó utilizando datos de mortalidad del sistema de vigilancia de la mortalidad. En 2016, la esperanza de vida de los chinos residentes era 78,91 años. Tras eliminar la mortalidad relacionada con lesiones, la esperanza de vida de los residentes se incrementó en 1,13 años, que fue mayor en hombres, residentes en áreas rurales, comparada con las mujeres, residentes en áreas urbanas. La esperanza de vida en las regiones orientales y centrales se incrementó lentamente, comparada con la región occidental. El factor de mayor influencia en la esperanza de vida fue las lesiones en accidentes de tráfico, seguidas de las caídas. Las caídas tuvieron un impacto mayor en la esperanza de vida para los niños menores de 5 años, así como los ancianos con una edad por encima de los 65 años. Este estudio indica que las muertes causadas por lesiones tuvieron un impacto notorio en la esperanza de vida en China. Se debe prestar más atención a las lesiones por accidente de tráfico, y se deberían tomar medidas preventivas efectivas para reducir las muertes relacionadas con las lesiones para incrementar la esperanza de vida de los residentes, especialmente en niños menores de 5 años y personas mayores con más de 65 años. Si se reducen las muertes causadas por lesiones, cabe esperar que mejore el nivel de esperanza de vida.

Association between bullying and family factors among middle school students in a city of central China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between bullying among middle school students and family factors in a city of central China, so as to provide support for the prevention and reduction of school bullying among middle school students.@*Methods@#The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the bullying involvement and family factors of 2 996 middle school students from first grade in junior high school to third grade in high school in a city in central China. Chi-square test and Logistic-regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between family factors and bullying participation of middle school students.@*Results@#Among 2 996 students, 390 students(13.0%) were found of having bullying behavior, and 1 127 students(37.6%) were found of being bullied. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in family factors such as whether she or he is the only child, father-child relationship, mother-child relationship, marital status of parents, whether the mother work away from hometown, education level of father and mother(χ2=8.88, 56.49, 30.85, 30.91, 3.89, 10.36, 11.72；25.00, 69.33, 46.76, 57.09, 3.93, 23.19, 45.49, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the only child and mother’s education degree was junior college and below were the risk factors for middle school students’ bullying involvement (OR=1.37，1.39). Parents’ harmonious marital status and father’s not working outside are the protective factors of middle school students’ bullying(OR=0.53, 0.83).The only child is the risk factor of bullying in middle school students (OR=1.42), and good father relationship is the protective factor of bullying in middle school students (OR=0.38).@*Conclusion@#Family factors have a certain impact on the involvement of middle school students in bullying in a city of central China, and corresponding preventive measures should be formulated from the perspective of family to focus on the intervention of high-risk groups.

Isolation, identification, and biocontrol of antagonistic bacterium against Botrytis cinerea after tomato harvest

ABSTRACT Tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the world. Decay after harvest is a major issue in the development of tomato industry. Currently, the most effective method for controlling decay after harvest is storage of tomato at low temperature combined with usage of chemical bactericide; however, long-term usage of chemical bactericide not only causes pathogen resistance but also is harmful for human health and environment. Biocontrol method for the management of disease after tomato harvest has great practical significance. In this study, antagonistic bacterium B-6-1 strain was isolated from the surface of tomato and identified as Enterobacter cowanii based on morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical features combined with sequence analysis of 16SrDNA and ropB gene and construction of dendrogram. Effects of different concentrations of antagonistic bacterium E. cowanii suspension on antifungal activity after tomato harvest were analyzed by mycelium growth rate method. Results revealed that antifungal activity was also enhanced with increasing concentrations of antagonistic bacterium; inhibitory rates of 1 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL antagonistic bacterial solution on Fusarium verticillioides, Alternaria tenuissima, and Botrytis cinerea were 46.31%, 67.48%, and 75.67%, respectively. By using in vivo inoculation method, it was further confirmed that antagonistic bacterium could effectively inhibit the occurrence of B. cinerae after tomato harvest, biocontrol effect of 1 × 109 cfu/mL zymotic fluid reached up to 95.24%, and antagonistic bacterium E. cowanii has biocontrol potential against B. cinerea after harvest of fruits and vegetables.